Use of the Dramatic Monologue in Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess

In 'Porphyria's Lover' and 'My Last Duchess', Browning uses several features of dramatic monologue in order to engage and sustain the interest of the audience. This style of monologue is spoken by a character, which is not the poet, and is usually projected at a critical moment, as in the case of 'My Last Duchess' and 'Porphyria's Lover'. The speakers unintentionally reveal their insanity, in both poems, through their separate accounts. By making a comparison of the two poems, it becomes clear that Browning has used similar disturbing themes to illustrate what an individual is capable of doing. Browning's work is known to be an example of dramatic monologue, with this being the way in which he is able to portray the insanity of his characters. By using the technique of dramatic monologue in 'Porphyria's Lover' and 'My Last Duchess', the reader is immediately given an image of both of the narrators' subjects. The opening line is vital to any poem, as it has the potential to instantly interest the reader. "That's my last Duchess painted on the wall" begins 'My Last Duchess' halfway through the conversation, leaving the audience eager to determine to whom the speaker is talking to. This statement also hints that the story of his "last duchess" will follow, thus sustaining the interest of the audience. By using dramatic monologue in 'My Last Duchess', the reader feels personally involved in the scene, as if the Duke is directly talking to him. In fact the Duke is speaking to an emissary, who has been sent by a Count to see whether the Duke is an appropriate suitor for his daughter. The lack of response from this envoy however gives the... ...g more of a passionate poem. The poem also uses iamic tetrameter, in order to stress the importance of different syllables of words in the poem. 'Porphyria's Lover' concludes with a rhyming couplet in order to tidy up and close the piece. In conclusion, Browning uses dramatic monologue in 'Porphyria's Lover' and 'My Last Duchess' in order to engage and sustain the interest of the audience. Various factors, such as the state of mind of both characters, use of language (particularly imagery) and the lay out of the poem contributed to the effectiveness of the poems. When studying comparisons and contrasts in the poems, it becomes clear that Browning has used the same methods of aiming to disturb the reader in both 'Porphyria's Lover' and 'My Last Duchess', although different ways in which to alarm the audience are used.

Existentialism: Sartre’s Views Essay

Existentialism is a movement that focuses on the significance of human features and its primary effects in our life and in our society. Since we always interact in the society, this movement had explained certain social phenomena that are left unexplained by other sociological and psychological theory. Since we deal with the conscious minds of the people around us, such a theory would explain why some people chose to do certain things that we think should not. This movement values the importance of real and existing rather than the concept and abstract. Jean Paul Sarte is one of the pioneer philosophers who introduced this kind of theory. He is one of the best existentialist philosopher and also a writer who wrote novels and autobiography of some prominent people. His experiences in his childhood and early youth had given him experiences for him to be able to reach the point of discovering the importance of existentialism. One of his claims is that if a person chooses to perform some action, then that person affirms that the action is good. He believed that we consciously choose the way we act and our counter reactions in everything that we experience in our daily lives. He believed that because we choose to do that action, therefore, we accept the consequences of it, believing that this is the good for us. Since being good is relative, therefore, it answers the questions and doubts about the legality of such concept. He claimed that in every action that we did, we choose what we think is the best for us and the best for all. We do not choose the evil or something that will result in a massive negative effect in our society because of our capability to think rationally. He argued that we do not have the capability of choosing an absolute evil. Because we are aware of the possible consequences of every actions that we do, we consciously weigh the possible outcomes of every actions that we are doing for us to be able to have the best reaction towards a certain situation. Then, if we assume that every thing that we are doing is good, and we believe it is good, therefore, no one is doing the â€Å"wrong† thing. As Sartre is trying to point out, â€Å"goodness† is relative across different ideas and beliefs and concepts of it. And he extended an explanation to address these kinds of arguments that tackles the reason why there are people who we think that what they are doing is right while some will say that obviously, it is not. This will lead us to his next assumption that it is psychologically distressing to affirm the value of an action which cannot be universalized. This will answer the question of the effects of our basis in doing things that we think are good and for the better of all the concerned party. He added that it should be universalized, or in other words, should be applicable to different people in a society having different point of views in their life. If such action that we affirm that is something good and for the betterment of our community, therefore, this action will lead to social dysfunction and some functional problems of our society. So therefore, he is trying to point out that our action should be applicable to different people for it to have a higher value in the society. Or else, if such action have different connotations to different people, it will only produce distress to the minds of the people thinking that what they are doing is something worthwhile not only for them but also for the society they belong. In universalizing certain actions, we should take into consideration his claims about the existence of different beliefs wherein many of the people are trying to relate themselves in the way that their society identifies them. This would give us the idea of having different meanings attached to certain actions that most of the people take for granted that it is the best thing that they should do. But for us to attain this level of explanation in certain actions that they are doing, we should assess the possible outcome of it or the realistic result and consequences that was due to the unbalanced acceptance of different people to different actions and roles that we are portraying. If we will take his two claims about the level of goodness of an action and its universality, therefore, it proves his third claim that to choose an action that can not be universalized is an error, and there is a reason not to choose such an action. Since we are assuming that what we are doing is the good for us and for the society we have, we must take into consideration in choosing the action that we are supposed to do the acceptance of different people and different subculture of the society. We are aware that we have different meanings attached to certain actions that we are doing and at the same time, these meanings vary depend upon the cultural explanation that they are offering. This cultural diversity that we have in effect will consolidate a certain sets of norms that were accepted by every body or the majority of the community and brand those actions that lie behind the accepted cultural norms as immoral. One of the major effects of this claim is that whenever that we are doing something for our self that we claim that this action is the good for us and somehow will benefit the people around you, but the society thinks that your action is well outside the boundary of accepted cultural beliefs, then you will be classified as an immoral being that failed to conform to the rigid rules of the society. This is one of the thresholds of the claims of Sartre. Because of his belief that what we do is something that we think is the best for us and the value of the action should conform to the norms of different parts of the society for it to be universalized, therefore, if we failed in doing the action that will be accepted by majority of the people then this is an error in our part because we failed to recognize the importance and the consequences of the actions that we did. This in fact is a manifestation of our wanting of doing the best things that we think is fitted in the situation that we are in. If ever that we failed to recognize and to choose the action that will be universalized and instead, we did the things that will cause distress to some people, he also claimed that there is always a valid reason in choosing that kind of behavior. We did a behavior that was consciously chosen by us to portray the good side of the action that we did. But we can not remove the fact that because of the social factors that affect the symbols and meanings of certain things that we did, in result, it will lead to doing things according to our own biases and cultural knowledge that is most probably, our own definition of goodness. And aside from that, we can not remove the fact that we choose things according to what is beneficial to us and according to our preferences, thus, some actions that we did seem to be outside the limitations set by the other people. Facticity and Transcendence: Bad Faith One of the concepts that he believed is having a two dimension of human beings. Since the For-Itself focuses on the experiences that we had and is consciously aware to what is happening in the environment, it is divided into two parts that have different functions and significance to the contribution to our reaction formation in certain circumstances that we are involved in. The first is the facticity. This gives importance to the past scenarios of every situation and the present or the actual scenario itself. It has a conscious definition of the things that was happened in the past as well as the physical characteristics of the environment he is in. On the other hand, the transcendence is the ability to explore the future and to decide on making choices that will affect the possible outcome of our actions. This includes the negating of the actual scenario for us to be able to have the capacity to think the worst possible scenario and therefore, giving us a broader perspective in the situations that we are all in. Also, in contrast with the facticity which primarily based the decision on the actual facts, the transcendence takes into consideration the things that are not actually happening or the situations that are non-existent. He tackled about the three persons who failed to establish the connection between the facticity of their For-Itself and its transcendence. In effect, they experience different kind of consequences that is somehow dysfunctional in the way that it should happen. This is what he called bad faith. The first one is the woman on a date. She had defined her factical and transcendence state but he failed to set the connection between them. She moved back and forth in its structure and therefore defined different actions that had no relation with each other. In effect, her consciousness as being a beautiful object had hindered her to express and to give a credit to the actual feeling that her date had for her. She thought that her body is just a mere object of attraction but eventually, shifted to different focus like her future plans in life. This unstable situation of her being resulted to confusion of the meaning of the reactions and the situation itself. The second one is the waiter. In contrast to the woman on a date, the waiter totally failed to establish his transcendence and focused on the actual scenario. He defined himself as a bounded creature and has limited opportunities and capabilities. But in reality, his failure of establishing this part of his being had affected the way he understood the flow of life of the society. Because he already assumed that his current situation is fixed, he had suppressed his freedom to explore many things in life that in reality, he has the capability to do so. The last one he mentioned is the homosexual. This is the contrast of the waiter, where he failed t recognized his facticity. In result, he sensationalized his transcendence being and thought the whole actual scenario as non-existence or being a false happening. He does not accept the facts that he had several relationship and encounters with the same sex. This facts had modified his own perception on what he is doing and in effect, had produced a feeling of guilt. This feeling of guilt had resulted to the manifestation of his tolerance to his actual doings and gave reasons to him to continue his behavior. But in reality, his clam that he is not gay while his conscious mind knew that he is a gay, therefore is a sign of having a bad faith because of his false knowledge. Bad faith is somehow the manifestation of our failure to set up the fluid connection of the two, as discussed on the different situation of three different people, failure to do so will result to functional dysfunction and will be a great social phenomena. Existentialism: Heidegger’s Perspective On the other hand, another philosopher from Germany, Martin Heidegger, had introduced some theories about existentialism. He has a close affinity to the church and therefore based most of his works in metaphysical aspects. One of his major concepts is how the worldly characters defined itself within the world. His structure of societal activities is composed of many assignments and references that if splited, will define the ready-to-hand objects in contrast with presence-at-hand objects. Presence-to-hand involved mainly observing the natural phenomenon and basing everything to known facts. But, against the common notion of its equality, it has different moods that affect the presence of an object and mainly deal with the metaphysical aspects that tend to bring all the level down. For example, we had a chair. When the chair is broken, it exists as presence-to-hand and needs the immediate action like repair or replace. The importance of the object is seen not because of its mere existence but its practical use for our benefit. By the time that this chair is fixed, it will suddenly turn into ready-to-hand object. Ready-to-hand concept primarily deals with the things without considering its theoretical importance. Ready-to-hand literally is the things that are present as of the moment and is available for practical purposes. This happens when we have conscious ideas on what is going on in our environment and society. Therefore, this ready-to-hand experience gives us a top view of the physical things that we are seeing today. We value greatly not its metaphysical value but its practicality for us. Connecting the two concepts of being, based on Heidegger, ready-to-hand is a more primordial way of life. It does not mean that being primordial is primitive or ancient way. What he meant is this is the basic foundation of our perception of different entities that we had an interaction. These entities are primarily affected by the question of which is the ready-to-hand and presence-at-hand entity. Therefore, in finding dealing with our everyday experience of the two, the ready-to-hand serves as the first implication of the things that we see in our common days. We do things not because of its theoretical backgrounds but because we have to use such thing without thinking deeper. In addition, the ready-to-hand lead us to a broader understanding of our being, because we understood it not just by theoretical assumption but through our experiences, therefore giving the notion that we can fully understand the essence of being through what is everyday or common experience for everyone and what is close to their habits and behaviors. (Guignon & Pereboom, 2001) Existentialism gives primary importance to the existence of human essence and beings. Therefore, a critical analysis of our own beings is needed for us to be able to give explanation to the reasons of our own behaviors, attitude and way of life.

An Analysis of Body Language in Communication Between...

Catalog Abstract 2 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 The aim of the paper 1.3 The organization of this paper Chapter 2 Literature review 2.1 The definition of body language 2.2 The importance of body language 2.2.1 Body language is widely used in daily life 2.2.2 Benefits body language bring to us during communication Chapter 3 Characteristics of body language from the view of Sino-America cultural communication 3.1 Same body language conveys different meaning due to different culture 3.2 Same body language represents same meaning in different cultures 3.3 Only few body language exist in unique culture, one Country or one region 3.4 Different body†¦show more content†¦1.2 The aim of the paper Language differs from country to country, from culture to culture. As a symbol of culture, body language has different meanings in different culture. Besides, to express the same meaning, different body languages are used in different cultures. In any case, to expect the nonverbal behaviors of other cultures to match our own is unrealistic. Therefore, to have a good understanding of body language in intercultural communication is helpful to avoid culture conflicts and culture shocks. This study will focus on: 1, the definition and the importance of body language; 2, the differences of body language between China and America. It aims at not only making people have a better understanding of body language, but also a better understanding of body language in Sino-America cultural communication. 1.3 The organization of this paper The paper is composed of the following four chapters: Chapter one states the introduction, it focus on the background and the purpose of this study; Chapter two gives a literature review; including the definition of body language; the importance of body language; Chapter three presents the main characteristics discovered while comparing body languages in China and America; Chapter four provides the advices for using body languageShow MoreRelatedNonverbal Communication1553 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is a common necessity among people. Communication is needed in order to interact with other people in almost everything within day to day life. Communication can be viewed in two subdivisions, verbal communication and nonverbal communication. 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St. Paul s Cathedral - 1104 Words

St. Paul’s Cathedral is an English Baroque styled cathedral dedicated to Paul of Apostle and the second cathedral to be built on the same site, first being Old St. Paul’s Cathedral which was also dedicated to Paul of Apostle. It is located in the City of London, England. The Fourth St. Paul’s, more commonly known as Old St. Paul’s Cathedral, was built by the Normans in 1087. The Normans, who in recent times had just conquered Britain, and were determined to build the largest Christian church in the world. The construction of the church finished in 1240 but the process of developing it to enlarge the church began less than 20 years later, Old St. Paul’s Cathedral was finally consecrated in 1300. Over the next few centuries the cathedral started to decay and thus the restoration of the cathedral begun in 1633 under the supervision of architect Inigo Jones. The nave and transepts were refaced in Portland stone and was remodelled with a portico. In 1642, restoration of the building was underway until the English Civil war put the project on hold.1 On 2nd September 1666, a major conflagration swept through the city damaging majority the city and it burned for four days and four nights, destroying 13,200 houses and 87 churches, inclu ding Old St. Paul’s Cathedral. After the fire, King at the time, Charles II, and the Lord Mayor quickly organised the reconstruction of the city. Nine days after the start of the fire Sir Christopher Wren produced a plan for the city which included aShow MoreRelatedSt. Paul s Cathedral1757 Words   |  8 Pagesarchitecture. One of the most influential buildings in this time is one that dominated the London skyline as a reference point for 300 years up until the 1960’s, and that is Wren’s St. Paul’s Cathedral. This building has been recorded to be in existence on its site as early as the 604, but it could have been around as early as the 400’s. 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The Ottoman Empire And Islamic Terrorism - 1345 Words

Topical Essay 1 The Ottoman Empire and Islamic Terrorism Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Global Terrorism Florida International University By Melinda J. Persaud November 7, 2014 Introduction What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to expand their territory, and spread their Islamic teachings. With this they had created a thirteenth century empire led by Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Osman surrounded himself with strong solders who specialized in ambushes, and hit and run tactics, they referred to these highly trained soldiers as â€Å"Janissaries†. The empire they built was the largest and most dominant of the Muslim empires. The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to terrorist movements, specifically Islamic terrorism. Wanting to spread their beliefs through violence, Islamic terrorist groups began to try to overpower certain nations. It not only existed in the later history but still seems to play a big role even today. This has spread throughout the world from the horrific tragedy of the World Trade Center all the way to the multiple bombings in the London Underground. One main terrorist group that has our focus today would be ISIS whose purpose is to create an Islamic state. This is only one example of a current Islamic terrorist group. Power, religion, and beliefs areShow MoreRelatedThe Ottoman Empire And Islamic Terrorism1193 Words   |  5 Pages The Ottoman Empire and Islamic Terrorism Florida International University By Melinda Persaud November 7, 2014 Introduction What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. 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After many years of restructuring Syria economics, social, and political fields, they combined the Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws up until the 1980’s. The criminal, civil,

Hip Hop Culture free essay sample

Assignment for Media with Cultural Studies Level Two Youth Cultures, Subcultures and Industry Hip-Hop Culture This essay alms to examine the importance of the Hip-Hop culture in 21st century society. It will begin with consideration of the history of Hip-Hop, discussing its stylistic adaptations, cultural preferences and concerns, referring to the studies of black culture by Ellis Cashmere and Mark Neal. Within this I will explore the ethnicity and authenticity of the culture, with reference to last years Popular Music and its Cultural Context unit.The essay will then move on to evaluate the cultures allegations with the media, concentrating on the well documented moral panics associated with the culture; I will make particular reference to the theories of Stan Cohen. By studying the political and historical patterns of the culture, I endeavourer to discover the overall meaning which the culture has for Its members and for society. It Is primarily Important to coin what Hip-Hop Is, the dictionary definition describes Hip-Hop as: hip-hop (h p h p ) or hip hop noun. African people danced for many occasions such as weddings, funerals, war, and childbirth and even to celebrate a child losing teeth. Although dancing in Africa meant unity and brought implies together the actual act separated people.For instance, In the ring circle, which was the area African people would dance, married men, married women, young women and young men were separate. These groups were separate because it minimized any confusion between the groups. Usually men danced more aggressively and women more soft. A message of unity, yet separating people did not end in African dance this strategy carried on into hip hop dance. In the hip hop culture people dance to express themselves and it Is a form of communication. Hip hop dance Is an outlet for many people. In the culture dancing constantly and consecutively with the music shows passion and Its excitement. In the hip hop culture today people dance for different occasions as well. Not necessarily for weddings and funerals but to put on shows or even battle through dance. There are modern day ring circles where people come together form a circle and people dance in the middle and people cheer them on and dance along with them. This art form has the exact same excitement passion and unity as the African dance. Whether Its African dance or hip hop dance the movement of the body and music go hand In hand.African dance was accompanied by the sounds of hands clapping, feet stomping and the rhythm of the African drum. The African drum played a major part in African dancing because it provided the rhythm people would dance to. The drum considered the most important Instrument in African culture because it symbolizes the heartbeat of the dancer. Professional musicians known as Grits as stated In the packet have knowledge and experience with ceremonial music, tribes history, and tortellini. These particular stories were told through the use of the drum. In hip hop culture the beat rhythm or instrumental to a song is very important.It brings the song to life. Like the African drum the beat is to keep people moving and dancing. In hip hop there is usually a DC or an MAC who plays music or tells a story which Is similar to the Africans Grist. They set the mood and the tempo with music. The drum was Like a story being told and hip hop beats are no different because connecting to hip hop music today consider hip hop culture as a whole. The concerts, PI shows and the overall image of hip hop. How did it evolve to be what it is today? Perhaps the Minstrels shows played a part in this musical evolution.Many years ago Minstrel shows are created by racist white people. These shows Newer created to humiliate black people. Minstrel shows showcased white actors in black face which is burnt cork on coca butter or black grease. They talked ignorant and in broken English and mocked the way slaves danced. These particular shows made more money than regular shows and became an instant hit. With characters eke Jim Crow, Mamma, Buck, and Picnicking. Shortly after the Minstrel shows took off some black people embraced those stereotypes and starred in minstrels in black face themselves.They starred in these shows mainly for money and fame. Frederick Douglass says the filthy scum of white society, who have stolen from us a complexion, denied them by nature, in which to make money and pander to the corrupt taste of their white fellow citizens. These shows created controversy everywhere. Many people were talking. Controversy didnt stop there when it came to black performers. Hundreds of ears later there still lives the same concept of black people putting on shows that embarrass the race but it makes them money and gives them fame.In hip hop it is seen often with rappers. Many rap artist are the target when comparing to Minstrel shows. This is because some talk ignorantly or with slang, dress like thugs or pimps and act as if they dont care about life. This lifestyle is closely related to the minstrel shows because its done for money and fame not for entertainment or unity. Author Ken Budget wrote in his article Minstrel shows that The setting has changed from idyllic plantation to the mean streets of urban America, the process remains the same This quote basically states that the culture hasnt really improved but it Just relocated. The events and topics discussed are still relevant today in hip hop. Dancing is still huge part of the culture and it contributes to its overall meaning. The African drum compared to the beats of hip hop is still very relevant because the sounds of the African drum are still used to this very day. Hip hop is greatly influenced by African dance and music. Also, Minstrel shows influence hip hop whether it is noticed or not here is still an underlying theme that continues to show face.

Why focus on Environmental Protection Almost any Essay Example For Students

Why focus on Environmental Protection? Almost any Essay policy issue could serve to illustrate the significant themes, but environmental protection places them in particularly bold relief. It involves an extremely broad range of scientific information, including most of the physical, biological, and social sciences. The questions of risk and uncertainty that it presents are especially subtle. Furthermore, the environment provides an excellent example of what happens when these problems merge with other profound philosophical and political dilemmas. Our relationship with the environment raises fundamental issues about who we are and what we care about. It challenges a basic belief of industrial society; namely, that mastery of nature is mankinds greatest project. It may force a choice between health and beauty on the one hand and prosperity on the other. It requires us to consider our relationships not only to fellow humans but to plants and animals as well. First of all, an agency like EPA has substantial power, because of its expertise and its formal authority. Even when disputing its findings, all parties to a controversy often find themselves focusing on the information and analysis that EPA provides. The Environmental Protection Agency is unique among environmental regulatory agencies in that it deals with both public health and resource management issues. We will write a custom essay on Why focus on Environmental Protection? Almost any specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Its comprehensive authority is reflected in its position in the Executive Branch. It is the only regulatory agency whose administrator reports directly to the President. No single agency, however, can be understood in isolation. It is constantly influencing, and being influenced by, the courts, interest groups, the Congress, and other parts of Executive Branch. Our story really begins with the great movement to the suburbs after World WarII. Hoards of upwardly mobile white-collar workers left crowded cities for localities with clean air, gardens, and grass. However, the reality of suburban life smog, traffic jams and strip development too often left this rural fantasy unrealized. At the same time some rural folk watched with dismay as their small towns became urbanized. The population was becoming younger; more secure financially, and better educated. Between 1950 and 1974 the percentage of adults with some college education rose from 13.4 to 25.2%. This was coupled with a streak of unprecedented prosperity. Prosperity, leisure, mobility, and greater understanding of physical and biological science combined to create a new awareness of, and interest in, the natural world. The translation of widespread but unfocused public concern into specific policies and programs was shaped by the political institutions of the time. The characteristics of these institutions decisively affected the form and the content of the public debate about environmental questions, and the results that were obtained. The changes that occurred in political parties, in the media, and in the environmental community were of particular importance. Political Parties: Democrats confronted a decline in union membership and in the number of small farmers and a decrease in party loyalty among traditionally Democratic groups. Republicans were suffering from the continued depopulation of the smaller cities and town and rural areas. Each party saw its salvation in the suburbs. There resided the young, well-educated voters who were to become the foundation of environmentalism. Rural democrats deeply appreciated the public works projects that had brought electricity to their homes, paved roads to their doorstep, and saved heir land from the dual ravages of flood and drought. They were upset at the new criticism of such projects, as were the construction unions whose members built these same dams and roads. Republicans too were torn. Environmentalism risked antagonizing their traditional friends in the business community. Fiscal conservatives and opponents of government intrusion were also upset by demands for increased public and private spending on pollution control. Leaders in both parties sought to frame environmental programs to avoid these divisions. The resulting incoherence in the design of environmental programs was therefore due in part to the ambivalent motivations that produced them. Media: The second important development was the growing role of television news. Potentially very profitable, the news is substantially cheaper to produce than entertainment programs, and widely viewed. .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d , .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .postImageUrl , .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d , .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d:hover , .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d:visited , .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d:active { border:0!important; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d:active , .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e2215a81005b078f13454590ad6f28d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Signifigance Of Disease And Plauge In Hamlet Essay Local competition is especially intense because the local news is often the first show viewers watch each evening. This gives stations an opportunity to capture viewers for the entire evening. It has become industry gospel . Why focus on Environmental Protection Almost any Essay Example For Students Why focus on Environmental Protection? Almost any Essay policy issue could serve to illustrate the significant themes, but environmental protection places them in particularly bold relief. It involves an extremely broad range of scientific information, including most of the physical, biological, and social sciences. The questions of risk and uncertainty that it presents are especially subtle. Furthermore, the environment provides an excellent example of what happens when these problems merge with other profound philosophical and political dilemmas. Our relationship with the environment raises fundamental issues about who we are and what we care about. It challenges a basic belief of industrial society; namely, that mastery of nature is mankinds greatest project. It may force a choice between health and beauty on the one hand and prosperity on the other. It requires us to consider our relationships not only to fellow humans but to plants and animals as well. We will write a custom essay on Why focus on Environmental Protection? Almost any specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now First of all, an agency like EPA has substantial power, because of its expertise and its formal authority. Even when disputing its findings, all parties to a controversy often find themselves focusing on the information and analysis that EPA provides. The Environmental Protection Agency is unique among environmental regulatory agencies in that it deals with both public health and resource management issues. Its comprehensive authority is reflected in its position in the Executive Branch. It is the only regulatory agency whose administrator reports directly to the President. No single agency, however, can be understood in isolation. It is constantly influencing, and being influenced by, the courts, interest groups, the Congress, and other parts of Executive Branch. Our story really begins with the great movement to the suburbs after World WarII. Hoards of upwardly mobile white-collar workers left crowded cities for localities with clean air, gardens, and grass. However, the reality of suburban life smog, traffic jams and strip development too often left this rural fantasy unrealized. At the same time some rural folk watched with dismay as their small towns became urbanized. The population was becoming younger; more secure financially, and better educated. Between 1950 and 1974 the percentage of adults with some college education rose from 13.4 to 25.2%. This was coupled with a streak of unprecedented prosperity. Prosperity, leisure, mobility, and greater understanding of physical and biological science combined to create a new awareness of, and interest in, the natural world. The translation of widespread but unfocused public concern into specific policies and programs was shaped by the political institutions of the time. The characteristics of these institutions decisively affected the form and the content of the public debate about environmental questions, and the results that were obtained. The changes that occurred in political parties, in the media, and in the environmental community were of particular importance. Political Parties: Democrats confronted a decline in union membership and in the number of small farmers and a decrease in party loyalty among traditionally Democratic groups. Republicans were suffering from the continued depopulation of the smaller cities and town and rural areas. Each party saw its salvation in the suburbs. There resided the young, well-educated voters who were to become the foundation of environmentalism. Rural democrats deeply appreciated the public works projects that had brought electricity to their homes, paved roads to their doorstep, and saved heir land from the dual ravages of flood and drought. They were upset at the new criticism of such projects, as were the construction unions whose members built these same dams and roads. Republicans too were torn. Environmentalism risked antagonizing their traditional friends in the business community. Fiscal conservatives and opponents of government intrusion were also upset by demands for increased public and private spending on pollution control. Leaders in both parties sought to frame environmental programs to avoid these divisions. The resulting incoherence in the design of environmental programs was therefore due in part to the ambivalent motivations that produced them. .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a , .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .postImageUrl , .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a , .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a:hover , .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a:visited , .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a:active { border:0!important; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a:active , .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u725706968ae7359c86f6b9621f208e7a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Segmentation and Tesco EssayMedia: The second important development was the growing role of television news. Potentially very profitable, the news is substantially cheaper to produce than entertainment programs, and widely viewed. Local competition is especially intense because the local news is often the first show viewers watch each evening. This gives stations an opportunity to capture viewers for the entire evening. It has become industry gospel that a good news segment must have (1) visual interest, (2) a strong story line, and (3) viewer identification with its outcome. Environmental stories meet all three requirements. Oil covered birds, belching smoke stacks, rusting storage drums, and inspection crews in moonsuits are all visually compelling. Environmental stories have the particular advantage that often the crew can set up at its leisure and have plenty of vivid footage to show in newscasts. This is not to say that media journalists concoct environmental stories. They do, however, have powerful incentives to accentuate their pictorial and dramatic qualities. As a result, viewers repeated encounter such disputes as life threatening contests between good and evil. Environmental Movement: The third important development involved the evolution of the environmental movement. Some environmental organization, The Sierra Club (1892), the Audubon Society (1905), the Wilderness Society (1935), and the National Wildlife Federation (1936), have existed for decades and have large numbers of members whose dues support their activities. But in the early 1970s, they were joined by newer organizations like the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). These had fewer members and relied on grants from foundations for their sustenance. From the outset, their main goal was to influence governmental policy. EPAs purpose is to ensure that:All Americans are protected from significant risks to human health and the environment where they live, learn and work. National efforts to reduce environmental risk are based on the best available scientific information. Federal laws protecting human health and the environment are enforced fairly and effectively. Environmental protection is an integral consideration in US policies concerning natural resources, human health, economic growth, energy, transportation, agriculture, industry, and international trade, and these factors are similarly considered in establishing environmental policy. All parts of society communities, individuals, business, state and local governments have access to accurate information sufficient to effectively participate in managing human health and environmental risks. Environmental protection contributes to making our communities and ecosystems diverse, sustainable and economically productive. The United States plays a leadership role in working with other nations to protect the global environment. The domain of quality of life provides the proper strategic focus from EPA. This point of view does not ignore health or distributive justice but it places them in a wider perspective, one that EPA is well situated to offer. The concerns that comprise quality of life were critical elements of the early political mobilization for environmental improvement. They have reemerged in recent years due to three major factors: a heightened awareness of the damage that pollution does to recreation and aesthetics; a renewed consciousness of the role that land use and location decisions play in environmental policy making; and an increasing concern for the problem of residuals management. To focus on quality of life: What should be spent, required, forbidden, or provided to improve the quality of life in this or that place through increased environment protection efforts?This formulation emphasizes that the aim of the agency ought to be to improve the lot of actual people living in real places. It implies that finding places to put garbage and keeping beaches free of debris may well be more important than trying to reduce a statistical cancer risk from slightly more to slightly less than one in a million. This strategic formulation not only guides the deployment of limited agency resources, it also instructs the choice of whom it is most important to coordinate activities with. It implies that those parts of government that share the agencys focus upon the physical condition of cities and towns the department of Housing and Urban Development; the Department of Transportation; and the other federal, state, and local housing, transportation, industrial development, and urban recreation agencies are EPAs most important policy partners. .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d , .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .postImageUrl , .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d , .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d:hover , .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d:visited , .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d:active { border:0!important; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d:active , .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u223833bb24863c78de155b3d043df31d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why I Love Baseball EssayWhat kind of questions do citizens like us should encourage to ask EPA reflecting critical features of reality? Encouraging and assisting citizens to determine the future character of peoples community facilitates real deliberation about how a community should integrate a concern for environment safety with the other objectives it seeks. EPAs ability to structure the debate and supply pertinent information can help citizens to recognize that the most important question to be asked and the decisions to be made about the environment are political, not technical. This focus will also encourage the agency to be strategically responsive. If the key issues appear to be technical, as in how best to prevent cancer, they provide no real grounds for political debate. But Democrats and Republicans can and ought to provide alternative visions of what quality of life means and how best to achieve it. By articulating their point of view about this vital matter, EPAs leaders can be made meaningfully accountable and can provide a foundation upon which to build stronger and more durable support for the party they represent. Achieving any environmental result efficiently and effectively requires government to combine various kinds of professional and functional expertise. To get attention paid to specific consequences, all those same consequences have to be someones responsibility. At EPA, the appropriate specialists need to feel first and foremost that they are responsible for the final environmental result, not just for their narrow functions or specific activities. To do this, they must be brought together in the early stages of developing a rule, a standard, or a legislative proposal, thereby insuring that all the options, and their ramifications, can be fully appreciated. Technical experts who understand the relevant natural systems and engineering alternatives must interact with lawyers and management specialists to produce a program that will function effectively in human as well as technical terms. This collaboration should occur in an atmosphere that encourages an open exchange of views on both means and ends, an exchange in which strategic options are clarified. This journey through such complex political and bureaucratic detail was intended to convey a simple idea. A democratic society produces citizens as much as it does goods or services. In a country like the United States, with so much freedom, technological dynamism, and decentralized initiative, there will always be problems adapting to growth and change. Citizens learn about their world and define their political relationships to each other as they struggle with such new problems as how much is owed to the ill, and what types of risks are to be considered illegitimate. These policy deliberations are the classrooms of the republic. Finally, government played an important role in cultivating new understandings of international relations and racial inequality. It can do the same with the realities of environmental protection. I admire the energy and public-spiritedness of the agency officials. Exactly because I have such respect for them we have tried to offer a sophisticated and complex view of the role that public officials can play in getting to the future Americans wish for themselves and their children. BIBLIOGRAPHYLandy, Mark K. (1990) The Environmental Protection Agency. New York: Oxford University Press. Chapter 1-2,10Douglas, Carter. (1964) Power in Washington. New York: Random House. Hugh, Heclo. Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment, in Anthony King, ed., the New American Political System (Washington D.C.: The American Enterprise Institute, 1978) 87-124. Epstein, Edward, News From Nowhere: Television, Politics, and the News (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1975).